PAC Learning with Irrelevant Attributes

We consider the problem of learning in the presence of irrelevant attributes in Valiant's PAC model V84]. In the PAC model, the goal of the learner is to produce an approximately correct hypothesis from random sample data. If the number of relevant attributes in the target function is small, it may be desirable to produce a hypothesis that also depends on only a small number of variables. Haussler H88] previously considered the problem of learning monomials of a small number of variables. He showed that the greedy set cover approximation algorithm can be used as a polynomial-time Occam algorithm for learning mono-mials on r of n variables. It outputs a monomial on r(ln q + 1) variables, where q is the number of negative examples in the sample. We extend this result by showing that there is a polynomial-time Occam algorithm for learning k-term DNF formulas depending on r of n variables that outputs a DNF formula depending on O(r k log k q) variables, where q is the number of negative examples in the sample. We also give a polynomial-time Occam algorithm for learning decision lists (sometimes called 1-decision lists) with k alternations. It outputs a decision list with k alternations depending on O(r k log k m) variables, where m is the size of the sample. Using recent non-approximability techniques and Tromp HJLT94] have shown that, unless NP DTIMEE2 poly(log n) ], decision lists with k alternations cannot be approximated within a multiplicative factor of log k n and decision lists with an unbounded number of alternations cannot be approximated in polynomial time within a multiplicative factor of 2 log n for any < 1.